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🐘 🏗️ TuskLang PHP Microservices Guide

PHP Documentation

🏗️ TuskLang PHP Microservices Guide

"We don't bow to any king" - PHP Edition

Master TuskLang microservices in PHP! This guide covers service architecture, communication patterns, service discovery, and microservices patterns that will make your applications scalable, maintainable, and resilient.

🎯 Microservices Overview

TuskLang provides sophisticated microservices features that transform your monolithic applications into distributed, scalable systems. This guide shows you how to implement enterprise-grade microservices while maintaining TuskLang's power.

<?php
// config/microservices-overview.tsk
[microservices_features]
service_discovery: @service.discover("user-service", @request.service_registry)
load_balancing: @load_balancer.round_robin(@request.service_instances)
circuit_breaker: @circuit_breaker.configure("user-service", @request.thresholds)
distributed_tracing: @tracing.zipkin(@request.trace_id)

🏛️ Service Architecture

Service Definition

<?php
// config/service-definition.tsk
[user_service]

User service definition

service_name: "user-service"
service_version: "1.0.0"
service_port: 8080
service_health: "/health"
service_metrics: "/metrics"
[service_config]

Service configuration

service_config: @service.define({
    "name": "user-service",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "port": 8080,
    "health_endpoint": "/health",
    "metrics_endpoint": "/metrics",
    "dependencies": ["database", "redis", "email-service"]
})
[service_registry]

Service registry configuration

registry: @service.registry({
    "type": "consul",
    "address": @env("CONSUL_ADDRESS", "localhost:8500"),
    "service_name": "user-service",
    "service_id": "user-service-1",
    "tags": ["php", "api", "v1"]
})

Service Communication

<?php
// config/service-communication.tsk
[synchronous_communication]

Synchronous service communication

http_client: @http.client({
    "base_uri": @service.discover("user-service"),
    "timeout": 30,
    "retries": 3,
    "circuit_breaker": true
})
[asynchronous_communication]

Asynchronous service communication

message_queue: @queue.rabbitmq({
    "host": @env("RABBITMQ_HOST", "localhost"),
    "port": @env("RABBITMQ_PORT", 5672),
    "exchange": "user-events",
    "routing_key": "user.created"
})
[grpc_communication]

gRPC service communication

grpc_client: @grpc.client({
    "service": "user-service",
    "method": "GetUser",
    "host": @service.discover("user-service"),
    "port": 9090,
    "timeout": 30
})

🔍 Service Discovery

Service Registration

<?php
// config/service-registration.tsk
[service_registration]

Service registration with Consul

consul_registration: @service.consul.register({
    "service_name": "user-service",
    "service_id": "user-service-1",
    "address": @env("SERVICE_HOST", "localhost"),
    "port": @env("SERVICE_PORT", 8080),
    "tags": ["php", "api", "v1"],
    "health_check": {
        "http": "http://localhost:8080/health",
        "interval": "10s",
        "timeout": "5s"
    }
})
[etcd_registration]

Service registration with etcd

etcd_registration: @service.etcd.register({
    "service_name": "user-service",
    "service_id": "user-service-1",
    "address": @env("SERVICE_HOST", "localhost"),
    "port": @env("SERVICE_PORT", 8080),
    "ttl": 30,
    "refresh_interval": 10
})

Service Discovery

<?php
// config/service-discovery.tsk
[service_discovery]

Service discovery with Consul

consul_discovery: @service.consul.discover({
    "service_name": "user-service",
    "tags": ["api", "v1"],
    "passing_only": true,
    "cache_time": 30
})
[load_balancing]

Load balancing strategies

round_robin: @load_balancer.round_robin(@service.instances("user-service"))
least_connections: @load_balancer.least_connections(@service.instances("user-service"))
weighted_round_robin: @load_balancer.weighted_round_robin(@service.instances("user-service"), @service.weights("user-service"))

🔄 Circuit Breaker Pattern

Circuit Breaker Configuration

<?php
// config/circuit-breaker.tsk
[circuit_breaker_config]

Circuit breaker configuration

user_service_cb: @circuit_breaker.configure({
    "service": "user-service",
    "failure_threshold": 5,
    "recovery_timeout": 60,
    "monitoring_window": 120,
    "minimum_requests": 10
})
[circuit_breaker_states]

Circuit breaker states

closed_state: @circuit_breaker.state("closed", {
    "requests_allowed": true,
    "failure_count": 0,
    "last_failure_time": null
})
open_state: @circuit_breaker.state("open", {
    "requests_allowed": false,
    "failure_count": 5,
    "last_failure_time": @date.now()
})
half_open_state: @circuit_breaker.state("half-open", {
    "requests_allowed": true,
    "failure_count": 0,
    "test_requests": 3
})

Circuit Breaker Implementation

<?php
// config/circuit-breaker-implementation.tsk
[circuit_breaker_usage]

Circuit breaker usage

user_service_call: @circuit_breaker.execute("user-service", {
    "command": @http.get("user-service/users/1"),
    "fallback": @fallback.user_service(),
    "timeout": 30
})
[fallback_strategies]

Fallback strategies

user_service_fallback: @fallback.strategy({
    "cache": @cache.get("user:1"),
    "default": {"id": 1, "name": "Default User"},
    "error_response": {"error": "Service temporarily unavailable"}
})

📊 Distributed Tracing

Tracing Configuration

<?php
// config/distributed-tracing.tsk
[tracing_config]

Distributed tracing configuration

zipkin_tracing: @tracing.zipkin({
    "endpoint": @env("ZIPKIN_ENDPOINT", "http://localhost:9411"),
    "service_name": "user-service",
    "sampling_rate": 1.0
})
jaeger_tracing: @tracing.jaeger({
    "endpoint": @env("JAEGER_ENDPOINT", "http://localhost:14268"),
    "service_name": "user-service",
    "sampling_rate": 1.0
})
[trace_spans]

Trace spans

user_request_span: @tracing.span({
    "name": "user-service.request",
    "tags": {
        "service": "user-service",
        "method": "GET",
        "endpoint": "/users/{id}"
    }
})
database_span: @tracing.span({
    "name": "database.query",
    "tags": {
        "service": "user-service",
        "database": "users",
        "query": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"
    }
})

🔄 Event-Driven Architecture

Event Publishing

<?php
// config/event-publishing.tsk
[event_publishers]

Event publishers

user_created_event: @event.publish({
    "event_type": "user.created",
    "event_data": {
        "user_id": @request.user_id,
        "email": @request.email,
        "created_at": @date.now()
    },
    "publisher": "user-service",
    "version": "1.0"
})
user_updated_event: @event.publish({
    "event_type": "user.updated",
    "event_data": {
        "user_id": @request.user_id,
        "changes": @request.changes,
        "updated_at": @date.now()
    },
    "publisher": "user-service",
    "version": "1.0"
})
[event_brokers]

Event brokers

rabbitmq_broker: @event.broker("rabbitmq", {
    "host": @env("RABBITMQ_HOST", "localhost"),
    "port": @env("RABBITMQ_PORT", 5672),
    "exchange": "user-events",
    "routing_key": "user.*"
})
kafka_broker: @event.broker("kafka", {
    "brokers": @env("KAFKA_BROKERS", "localhost:9092"),
    "topic": "user-events",
    "partition": 0
})

Event Consumption

<?php
// config/event-consumption.tsk
[event_consumers]

Event consumers

user_created_consumer: @event.consume({
    "event_type": "user.created",
    "consumer": "email-service",
    "handler": "sendWelcomeEmail",
    "retry_policy": {
        "max_retries": 3,
        "backoff": "exponential",
        "initial_delay": 1000
    }
})
user_updated_consumer: @event.consume({
    "event_type": "user.updated",
    "consumer": "analytics-service",
    "handler": "updateUserAnalytics",
    "retry_policy": {
        "max_retries": 3,
        "backoff": "exponential",
        "initial_delay": 1000
    }
})

🔐 Service Security

Authentication and Authorization

<?php
// config/service-security.tsk
[service_auth]

Service-to-service authentication

jwt_auth: @auth.jwt({
    "issuer": "user-service",
    "audience": "api-gateway",
    "secret": @env("JWT_SECRET"),
    "algorithm": "HS256",
    "expiration": 3600
})
oauth2_auth: @auth.oauth2({
    "client_id": @env("OAUTH_CLIENT_ID"),
    "client_secret": @env("OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET"),
    "token_endpoint": @env("OAUTH_TOKEN_ENDPOINT"),
    "scope": "read write"
})
[service_permissions]

Service permissions

user_service_permissions: @auth.permissions({
    "service": "user-service",
    "permissions": [
        "users:read",
        "users:write",
        "users:delete"
    ],
    "roles": ["admin", "user_manager"]
})

API Gateway Configuration

<?php
// config/api-gateway.tsk
[api_gateway]

API Gateway configuration

gateway_config: @gateway.configure({
    "routes": [
        {
            "path": "/api/users/*",
            "service": "user-service",
            "methods": ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"],
            "auth": "jwt",
            "rate_limit": 1000
        },
        {
            "path": "/api/orders/*",
            "service": "order-service",
            "methods": ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"],
            "auth": "jwt",
            "rate_limit": 500
        }
    ],
    "middleware": ["cors", "logging", "metrics"]
})
[rate_limiting]

Rate limiting configuration

rate_limits: @gateway.rate_limit({
    "user-service": {
        "requests_per_minute": 1000,
        "burst_size": 100,
        "window_size": 60
    },
    "order-service": {
        "requests_per_minute": 500,
        "burst_size": 50,
        "window_size": 60
    }
})

📊 Service Monitoring

Health Checks

<?php
// config/service-monitoring.tsk
[health_checks]

Service health checks

service_health: @health.check({
    "endpoint": "/health",
    "checks": [
        {
            "name": "database",
            "type": "database",
            "query": "SELECT 1",
            "timeout": 5
        },
        {
            "name": "redis",
            "type": "redis",
            "command": "PING",
            "timeout": 5
        },
        {
            "name": "external_service",
            "type": "http",
            "url": "https://api.external.com/health",
            "timeout": 10
        }
    ]
})
[metrics_collection]

Metrics collection

service_metrics: @metrics.collect({
    "endpoint": "/metrics",
    "metrics": [
        "request_count",
        "request_duration",
        "error_count",
        "active_connections",
        "memory_usage",
        "cpu_usage"
    ],
    "format": "prometheus"
})

Service Mesh Configuration

<?php
// config/service-mesh.tsk
[istio_config]

Istio service mesh configuration

istio_config: @mesh.istio({
    "service": "user-service",
    "namespace": "default",
    "traffic_policy": {
        "load_balancer": "round_robin",
        "connection_pool": {
            "tcp": {"max_connections": 100},
            "http": {"http1_max_pending_requests": 1000}
        }
    },
    "outbound_traffic_policy": {
        "mode": "ALLOW_ANY"
    }
})
[traffic_routing]

Traffic routing rules

traffic_routing: @mesh.istio.routing({
    "service": "user-service",
    "routes": [
        {
            "destination": {"host": "user-service", "subset": "v1"},
            "weight": 90
        },
        {
            "destination": {"host": "user-service", "subset": "v2"},
            "weight": 10
        }
    ]
})

🔄 Data Consistency

Saga Pattern

<?php
// config/saga-pattern.tsk
[saga_config]

Saga pattern configuration

create_user_saga: @saga.define({
    "name": "create_user_saga",
    "steps": [
        {
            "name": "create_user",
            "service": "user-service",
            "action": "createUser",
            "compensation": "deleteUser"
        },
        {
            "name": "send_welcome_email",
            "service": "email-service",
            "action": "sendWelcomeEmail",
            "compensation": "deleteEmail"
        },
        {
            "name": "create_user_profile",
            "service": "profile-service",
            "action": "createProfile",
            "compensation": "deleteProfile"
        }
    ],
    "coordination": "choreography"
})
[saga_execution]

Saga execution

saga_execution: @saga.execute("create_user_saga", {
    "user_data": @request.user_data,
    "compensation_strategy": "backward_recovery",
    "timeout": 300
})

Event Sourcing

<?php
// config/event-sourcing.tsk
[event_store]

Event store configuration

event_store: @event.store({
    "type": "postgresql",
    "connection": @env("EVENT_STORE_CONNECTION"),
    "table": "events",
    "snapshot_interval": 100
})
[event_streams]

Event streams

user_events: @event.stream({
    "stream_name": "user-stream",
    "aggregate_type": "User",
    "events": [
        "UserCreated",
        "UserUpdated",
        "UserDeleted"
    ]
})
[event_projections]

Event projections

user_projection: @event.projection({
    "name": "user_projection",
    "stream": "user-stream",
    "handler": "UserProjectionHandler",
    "materialized_view": "users"
})

📚 Best Practices

Microservices Best Practices

<?php
// config/microservices-best-practices.tsk
[best_practices]

Microservices best practices

service_autonomy: @service.autonomy({
    "independent_deployment": true,
    "independent_database": true,
    "independent_technology": true
})
service_resilience: @service.resilience({
    "circuit_breaker": true,
    "retry_policy": true,
    "timeout": true,
    "fallback": true
})
service_monitoring: @service.monitoring({
    "health_checks": true,
    "metrics": true,
    "distributed_tracing": true,
    "logging": true
})
[anti_patterns]

Microservices anti-patterns

avoid_distributed_monolith: @service.anti_pattern("distributed_monolith", {
    "shared_database": false,
    "synchronous_communication": "minimal",
    "tight_coupling": false
})
avoid_data_duplication: @service.anti_pattern("data_duplication", {
    "single_source_of_truth": true,
    "eventual_consistency": true,
    "data_synchronization": "event_driven"
})

📚 Next Steps

Now that you've mastered TuskLang's microservices features in PHP, explore:

1. Advanced Service Patterns - Implement sophisticated microservices patterns 2. Service Mesh Integration - Master Istio and Linkerd integration 3. Event-Driven Architecture - Build event-driven microservices 4. Data Consistency - Implement distributed data consistency patterns 5. Service Security - Advanced security patterns for microservices

🆘 Need Help?

- Documentation: https://tuskt.sk/documents/php/microservices - Examples: https://github.com/tusklang/php-examples - Community: https://community.tuskt.sk

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Ready to build microservices with TuskLang? You're now a TuskLang microservices master! 🚀

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