🦀 Advanced Error Handling in TuskLang with Rust
Advanced Error Handling in TuskLang with Rust
🛡️ Robust Error Management
Error handling is critical in production systems. TuskLang with Rust provides sophisticated error handling capabilities that go beyond basic try-catch patterns, offering type-safe error management, recovery strategies, and comprehensive error reporting.
🏗️ Error Architecture
Error Type System
[error_architecture]
type_safety: "compile_time"
error_categories: true
recovery_strategies: true
propagation: "explicit"[error_categories]
configuration_errors: true
runtime_errors: true
network_errors: true
database_errors: true
validation_errors: true
security_errors: true
Error Hierarchy
[error_hierarchy]
base_error: "TuskError"
specific_errors: true
context_preservation: true
stack_trace: true[error_types]
TuskError:
ConfigurationError:
- InvalidSyntaxError
- MissingValueError
- TypeMismatchError
RuntimeError:
- ExecutionError
- TimeoutError
- ResourceError
NetworkError:
- ConnectionError
- TimeoutError
- ProtocolError
DatabaseError:
- ConnectionError
- QueryError
- TransactionError
🔧 Custom Error Types
Error Definition
[error_definition]
derive_macros: true
context_information: true
backtrace_support: true
serialization: true[error_implementation]
use thiserror::Error;
use std::backtrace::Backtrace;
#[derive(Error, Debug)]
pub enum TuskError {
#[error("Configuration error: {message}")]
ConfigurationError {
message: String,
file: Option<String>,
line: Option<u32>,
#[source]
source: Option<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>,
#[backtrace]
backtrace: Backtrace,
},
#[error("Runtime error: {message}")]
RuntimeError {
message: String,
operation: String,
#[source]
source: Option<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>,
#[backtrace]
backtrace: Backtrace,
},
#[error("Network error: {message}")]
NetworkError {
message: String,
url: Option<String>,
status_code: Option<u16>,
#[source]
source: Option<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>,
#[backtrace]
backtrace: Backtrace,
},
#[error("Database error: {message}")]
DatabaseError {
message: String,
query: Option<String>,
table: Option<String>,
#[source]
source: Option<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>,
#[backtrace]
backtrace: Backtrace,
},
}
Error Context
[error_context]
context_builder: true
chaining: true
metadata: true
structured_data: true[context_implementation]
pub struct ErrorContext {
pub operation: String,
pub user_id: Option<String>,
pub request_id: Option<String>,
pub timestamp: chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>,
pub metadata: std::collections::HashMap<String, String>,
}
impl TuskError {
pub fn with_context(self, context: ErrorContext) -> Self {
// Add context to error
self
}
pub fn with_metadata(self, key: String, value: String) -> Self {
// Add metadata to error
self
}
}
🔄 Error Recovery Strategies
Retry Mechanisms
[retry_mechanisms]
exponential_backoff: true
jitter: true
max_attempts: true
circuit_breaker: true[retry_config]
max_retries: 3
base_delay: "1s"
max_delay: "30s"
jitter_factor: 0.1
[retry_implementation]
use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};
use rand::Rng;
pub async fn retry_with_backoff<F, T, E>(
mut operation: F,
max_retries: u32,
) -> Result<T, E>
where
F: FnMut() -> Result<T, E>,
E: std::error::Error,
{
let mut attempt = 0;
let mut delay = Duration::from_secs(1);
loop {
match operation() {
Ok(result) => return Ok(result),
Err(e) if attempt >= max_retries => return Err(e),
Err(_) => {
attempt += 1;
let jitter = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0.0..0.1);
let actual_delay = delay.mul_f64(1.0 + jitter);
sleep(actual_delay).await;
delay = delay.mul_f64(2.0).min(Duration::from_secs(30));
}
}
}
}
Circuit Breaker Pattern
[circuit_breaker]
states: ["closed", "open", "half_open"]
failure_threshold: true
recovery_timeout: true
monitoring: true[circuit_breaker_implementation]
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, AtomicU64, Ordering};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
pub struct CircuitBreaker {
failure_threshold: u32,
recovery_timeout: Duration,
failure_count: AtomicU32,
last_failure_time: AtomicU64,
state: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8,
}
impl CircuitBreaker {
pub fn new(failure_threshold: u32, recovery_timeout: Duration) -> Self {
Self {
failure_threshold,
recovery_timeout,
failure_count: AtomicU32::new(0),
last_failure_time: AtomicU64::new(0),
state: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8::new(0), // Closed
}
}
pub async fn call<F, T>(&self, operation: F) -> Result<T, TuskError>
where
F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, TuskError>,
{
match self.state.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
0 => self.call_closed(operation).await, // Closed
1 => self.call_open().await, // Open
2 => self.call_half_open(operation).await, // Half-open
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
}
Fallback Strategies
[fallback_strategies]
cached_values: true
default_values: true
degraded_mode: true
graceful_degradation: true[fallback_implementation]
pub enum FallbackStrategy<T> {
UseCached(T),
UseDefault(T),
UseDegraded(T),
Fail(TuskError),
}
pub async fn with_fallback<F, T>(
primary_operation: F,
fallback_strategy: FallbackStrategy<T>,
) -> Result<T, TuskError>
where
F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, TuskError>,
{
match primary_operation() {
Ok(result) => Ok(result),
Err(_) => match fallback_strategy {
FallbackStrategy::UseCached(value) => Ok(value),
FallbackStrategy::UseDefault(value) => Ok(value),
FallbackStrategy::UseDegraded(value) => Ok(value),
FallbackStrategy::Fail(error) => Err(error),
}
}
}
🔍 Error Analysis and Debugging
Error Classification
[error_classification]
severity_levels: true
error_categories: true
impact_analysis: true
root_cause_analysis: true[classification_config]
severity_levels:
- "critical"
- "high"
- "medium"
- "low"
- "info"
error_categories:
- "configuration"
- "runtime"
- "network"
- "database"
- "security"
- "validation"
Error Reporting
[error_reporting]
structured_logging: true
error_aggregation: true
alerting: true
metrics_collection: true[reporting_config]
log_format: "json"
log_level: "error"
aggregation_window: "5m"
alert_threshold: 10
Error Metrics
[error_metrics]
error_rate: true
error_distribution: true
recovery_time: true
impact_measurement: true[metrics_collection]
error_counter: "prometheus"
error_histogram: "latency"
error_gauge: "active_errors"
error_summary: "error_rate"
🛡️ Error Prevention
Input Validation
[input_validation]
schema_validation: true
type_checking: true
range_validation: true
format_validation: true[validation_implementation]
use validator::{Validate, ValidationError};
#[derive(Validate)]
pub struct ConfigurationInput {
#[validate(length(min = 1, max = 100))]
name: String,
#[validate(range(min = 1, max = 65535))]
port: u16,
#[validate(url)]
url: String,
#[validate(email)]
email: String,
}
pub fn validate_configuration(input: &ConfigurationInput) -> Result<(), TuskError> {
input.validate().map_err(|errors| {
TuskError::ValidationError {
message: format!("Validation failed: {:?}", errors),
field_errors: errors.field_errors().clone(),
backtrace: Backtrace::capture(),
}
})
}
Defensive Programming
[defensive_programming]
null_checks: true
bounds_checking: true
type_safety: true
resource_management: true[defensive_patterns]
early_returns: true
guard_clauses: true
resource_cleanup: true
error_propagation: true
🔄 Error Recovery Patterns
Graceful Degradation
[graceful_degradation]
feature_flags: true
fallback_services: true
cached_responses: true
degraded_modes: true[degradation_implementation]
pub struct ServiceDegradation {
primary_service: Box<dyn Service>,
fallback_service: Box<dyn Service>,
cache: Box<dyn Cache>,
}
impl ServiceDegradation {
pub async fn call(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Response, TuskError> {
// Try primary service
match self.primary_service.call(request.clone()).await {
Ok(response) => Ok(response),
Err(_) => {
// Try cache
if let Some(cached) = self.cache.get(&request).await {
return Ok(cached);
}
// Try fallback service
match self.fallback_service.call(request).await {
Ok(response) => {
// Cache the response
let _ = self.cache.set(&request, &response).await;
Ok(response)
}
Err(error) => Err(error),
}
}
}
}
}
Bulkhead Pattern
[bulkhead_pattern]
resource_isolation: true
failure_containment: true
resource_limits: true
monitoring: true[bulkhead_implementation]
use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
use std::sync::Arc;
pub struct Bulkhead {
semaphore: Arc<Semaphore>,
max_concurrent: usize,
timeout: Duration,
}
impl Bulkhead {
pub fn new(max_concurrent: usize, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
Self {
semaphore: Arc::new(Semaphore::new(max_concurrent)),
max_concurrent,
timeout,
}
}
pub async fn call<F, T>(&self, operation: F) -> Result<T, TuskError>
where
F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, TuskError>,
{
let _permit = tokio::time::timeout(
self.timeout,
self.semaphore.acquire()
).await
.map_err(|_| TuskError::TimeoutError {
message: "Bulkhead timeout".to_string(),
operation: "acquire_permit".to_string(),
backtrace: Backtrace::capture(),
})??;
operation()
}
}
📊 Error Monitoring and Alerting
Error Tracking
[error_tracking]
error_collection: true
error_analysis: true
trend_analysis: true
anomaly_detection: true[tracking_config]
collection_interval: "1m"
analysis_window: "1h"
trend_window: "24h"
anomaly_threshold: 2.0
Alerting System
[alerting_system]
alert_rules: true
notification_channels: true
escalation_policies: true
alert_suppression: true[alert_config]
critical_threshold: 5
warning_threshold: 10
alert_cooldown: "5m"
escalation_timeout: "15m"
🔧 Error Handling Tools
Error Wrapper
[error_wrapper]
context_preservation: true
error_chaining: true
backtrace_capture: true
structured_logging: true[wrapper_implementation]
pub struct ErrorWrapper<T> {
inner: T,
context: ErrorContext,
}
impl<T> ErrorWrapper<T> {
pub fn new(inner: T) -> Self {
Self {
inner,
context: ErrorContext::new(),
}
}
pub fn with_context(mut self, context: ErrorContext) -> Self {
self.context = context;
self
}
pub fn with_metadata(mut self, key: String, value: String) -> Self {
self.context.metadata.insert(key, value);
self
}
}
Error Handler
[error_handler]
centralized_handling: true
error_routing: true
recovery_strategies: true
monitoring_integration: true[handler_implementation]
pub struct ErrorHandler {
strategies: std::collections::HashMap<ErrorType, Box<dyn RecoveryStrategy>>,
monitor: Box<dyn ErrorMonitor>,
}
impl ErrorHandler {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
strategies: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
monitor: Box::new(DefaultErrorMonitor),
}
}
pub fn register_strategy(&mut self, error_type: ErrorType, strategy: Box<dyn RecoveryStrategy>) {
self.strategies.insert(error_type, strategy);
}
pub async fn handle(&self, error: TuskError) -> Result<(), TuskError> {
// Log error
self.monitor.record_error(&error).await;
// Find recovery strategy
if let Some(strategy) = self.strategies.get(&error.error_type()) {
strategy.recover(error).await
} else {
Err(error)
}
}
}
🎯 Best Practices
1. Error Design
- Use specific error types - Preserve context information - Implement proper error hierarchies - Provide meaningful error messages2. Error Handling
- Handle errors at appropriate levels - Use recovery strategies - Implement graceful degradation - Monitor error patterns3. Error Prevention
- Validate inputs thoroughly - Use defensive programming - Implement proper resource management - Test error scenarios4. Error Monitoring
- Collect comprehensive error metrics - Implement alerting systems - Analyze error patterns - Track error trends5. Error Recovery
- Implement retry mechanisms - Use circuit breakers - Provide fallback strategies - Test recovery proceduresAdvanced error handling in TuskLang with Rust provides the foundation for building robust, reliable systems that can gracefully handle failures and recover from errors while maintaining system stability and performance.