Microservices Architecture in TuskLang with Rust

🏗️ Microservices Foundation

Microservices architecture with TuskLang and Rust provides the perfect combination for building scalable, maintainable, and performant distributed systems. This guide covers everything from service design to deployment and monitoring.

🏗️ Architecture Overview

Service Architecture

[microservices_architecture]
pattern: "domain_driven_design"
communication: "event_driven"
data_management: "database_per_service"
deployment: "containerized"
[architecture_principles]
service_autonomy: true
single_responsibility: true
loose_coupling: true
high_cohesion: true

Service Design Patterns

[service_patterns]
api_gateway: true
service_mesh: true
circuit_breaker: true
bulkhead: true
event_sourcing: true
cqrs: true

🔧 Service Implementation

Service Template

[service_template]
name: "user-service"
version: "1.0.0"
framework: "actix_web"
database: "postgresql"
message_queue: "redis"
[service_config]
host: "0.0.0.0"
port: 8081
database_url: "@env('USER_SERVICE_DB_URL')"
redis_url: "@env('REDIS_URL')"

Service Structure

[service_structure]
src/
  main.rs: "service_entry_point"
  config.rs: "configuration_management"
  models.rs: "data_models"
  handlers.rs: "request_handlers"
  services.rs: "business_logic"
  repositories.rs: "data_access"
  middleware.rs: "cross_cutting_concerns"

🌐 API Gateway

Gateway Configuration

[api_gateway]
service_name: "api-gateway"
port: 8080
load_balancer: "nginx"
rate_limiting: true
[gateway_routes]
user_service: "/api/users/*"
order_service: "/api/orders/*"
payment_service: "/api/payments/*"
notification_service: "/api/notifications/*"
[gateway_middleware]
authentication: "jwt"
authorization: "rbac"
rate_limiting: "1000_req_per_min"
cors: "enabled"
logging: "structured"

Gateway Implementation

[gateway_implementation]
use actix_web::{web, App, HttpServer, middleware};
use actix_web::middleware::Logger;
#[actix_web::main]
async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let config = tusk_config::load("gateway.tusk")?;
    
    HttpServer::new(move || {
        App::new()
            .wrap(Logger::default())
            .wrap(middleware::Cors::default())
            .service(
                web::scope("/api")
                    .service(user_routes())
                    .service(order_routes())
                    .service(payment_routes())
            )
    })
    .bind(format!("{}:{}", config.host, config.port))?
    .run()
    .await
}

🔄 Service Communication

Synchronous Communication

[synchronous_communication]
protocol: "http_rest"
serialization: "json"
timeout: "5s"
retry: "exponential_backoff"
[rest_client]
base_url: "@env('SERVICE_BASE_URL')"
timeout: "5s"
retry_attempts: 3
circuit_breaker: true

Asynchronous Communication

[asynchronous_communication]
protocol: "message_queue"
broker: "redis_streams"
serialization: "json"
acknowledgment: true
[message_config]
stream_name: "service_events"
consumer_group: "service_consumers"
batch_size: 100
poll_interval: "100ms"

Event-Driven Architecture

[event_driven_architecture]
event_store: "kafka"
event_schema: "avro"
event_ordering: "causal"
event_sourcing: true
[event_config]
kafka_brokers: ["kafka-1:9092", "kafka-2:9092"]
topic_prefix: "service-events"
partition_strategy: "service_based"
replication_factor: 3

🗄️ Database Per Service

Service Database Configuration

[service_databases]
user_service:
  database: "postgresql"
  schema: "user_schema"
  migrations: "auto"
  
order_service:
  database: "postgresql"
  schema: "order_schema"
  migrations: "auto"
  
payment_service:
  database: "postgresql"
  schema: "payment_schema"
  migrations: "auto"
  
notification_service:
  database: "mongodb"
  collections: ["notifications", "templates"]

Database Migration

[database_migration]
strategy: "versioned_migrations"
rollback: "supported"
validation: "automatic"
[migration_config]
migration_dir: "migrations"
sqlx_migrate: true
rollback_support: true
validation_queries: true

🔒 Service Security

Authentication & Authorization

[service_security]
authentication: "jwt"
authorization: "rbac"
service_to_service: "mTLS"
api_keys: "rotating"
[security_config]
jwt_secret: "@env.secure('JWT_SECRET')"
jwt_expiry: "24h"
mTLS_certificates: "@file.secure('certs/')"
api_key_rotation: "30d"

Service Mesh Security

[service_mesh_security]
mesh: "istio"
mTLS: "enabled"
authorization: "service_account"
audit_logging: true
[mesh_config]
istio_namespace: "istio-system"
mTLS_mode: "strict"
authorization_policy: "service_based"
audit_logs: "elasticsearch"

📊 Service Monitoring

Service Metrics

[service_metrics]
collection: "prometheus"
exposition: "metrics_endpoint"
alerting: "grafana"
[metrics_config]
endpoint: "/metrics"
collection_interval: "15s"
custom_metrics: true
business_metrics: true

Distributed Tracing

[distributed_tracing]
tracer: "jaeger"
sampling: "adaptive"
correlation: "trace_id"
[tracing_config]
jaeger_endpoint: "@env('JAEGER_ENDPOINT')"
sampling_rate: 0.1
trace_correlation: true
span_attributes: true

Health Checks

[health_checks]
endpoint: "/health"
readiness: "/ready"
liveness: "/live"
dependencies: true
[health_config]
check_interval: "30s"
timeout: "5s"
dependencies:
  - "database"
  - "redis"
  - "external_apis"

🔄 Service Discovery

Service Registry

[service_registry]
registry: "consul"
health_checks: true
load_balancing: true
[registry_config]
consul_url: "@env('CONSUL_URL')"
service_ttl: "30s"
health_check_interval: "10s"
deregister_after: "1m"

Service Registration

[service_registration]
auto_registration: true
health_endpoint: "/health"
metadata: true
[registration_config]
service_name: "@env('SERVICE_NAME')"
service_id: "@env('SERVICE_ID')"
service_address: "@env('SERVICE_ADDRESS')"
service_port: "@env('SERVICE_PORT')"

🚀 Service Deployment

Container Configuration

[container_config]
base_image: "rust:alpine"
optimization: "size"
multi_stage: true
security: "non_root"
[container_security]
user: "1000:1000"
read_only_root: true
no_new_privileges: true
capabilities_drop: ["ALL"]

Kubernetes Deployment

[kubernetes_deployment]
namespace: "microservices"
replicas: 3
resources: "defined"
autoscaling: true
[deployment_config]
api_version: "apps/v1"
kind: "Deployment"
replicas: 3
strategy:
  type: "RollingUpdate"
  rolling_update:
    max_surge: 1
    max_unavailable: 0

Service Mesh Deployment

[service_mesh_deployment]
mesh: "istio"
sidecar: "automatic"
traffic_management: true
[mesh_config]
istio_injection: "enabled"
traffic_policy: "weighted"
fault_injection: "testing"
circuit_breaker: "enabled"

🔄 Data Management

Event Sourcing

[event_sourcing]
event_store: "kafka"
event_schema: "avro"
snapshots: "periodic"
projections: "real_time"
[event_config]
kafka_topics: ["user_events", "order_events", "payment_events"]
snapshot_interval: 100
projection_database: "read_models"

CQRS Implementation

[cqrs_implementation]
command_side: "event_sourcing"
query_side: "read_models"
event_handlers: "projections"
[cqrs_config]
command_bus: "in_memory"
query_bus: "in_memory"
event_handlers: "async"
read_models: "optimized"

Saga Pattern

[saga_pattern]
coordination: "choreography"
compensation: "automatic"
monitoring: "distributed"
[saga_config]
saga_coordinator: "event_driven"
compensation_actions: "defined"
saga_monitoring: "jaeger"

🔧 Service Development

Service Template

[service_template]
name: "{{service_name}}"
version: "1.0.0"
framework: "actix_web"
database: "postgresql"
[template_config]
service_name: "user-service"
database_url: "@env('DATABASE_URL')"
redis_url: "@env('REDIS_URL')"
kafka_brokers: "@env('KAFKA_BROKERS')"

Development Workflow

[development_workflow]
local_development: "docker_compose"
testing: "integration_tests"
ci_cd: "automated"
[workflow_config]
docker_compose: "local_services"
integration_tests: "service_tests"
ci_pipeline: "github_actions"

📈 Performance Optimization

Service Performance

[service_performance]
caching: "redis"
connection_pooling: true
async_processing: true
[performance_config]
redis_cache: "distributed"
db_pool_size: 20
async_workers: 4
timeout_config: "optimized"

Load Balancing

[load_balancing]
algorithm: "least_connections"
health_checks: true
session_affinity: false
[lb_config]
nginx_upstream: "service_cluster"
health_check_interval: "30s"
failover: "automatic"

🔍 Testing Strategies

Service Testing

[service_testing]
unit_tests: true
integration_tests: true
contract_tests: true
performance_tests: true
[testing_config]
test_database: "test_db"
mock_services: "wiremock"
contract_testing: "pact"
performance_benchmarks: "criterion"

Contract Testing

[contract_testing]
framework: "pact"
consumer_tests: true
provider_tests: true
broker: "pact_broker"
[contract_config]
pact_broker_url: "@env('PACT_BROKER_URL')"
consumer_name: "user-service"
provider_name: "order-service"
contract_version: "1.0.0"

🎯 Best Practices

1. Service Design

- Keep services small and focused - Use domain-driven design - Implement proper error handling - Design for failure

2. Communication

- Use appropriate communication patterns - Implement circuit breakers - Handle timeouts properly - Use event-driven architecture

3. Data Management

- Use database per service - Implement eventual consistency - Use event sourcing where appropriate - Handle distributed transactions

4. Security

- Implement service-to-service authentication - Use mTLS for communication - Implement proper authorization - Audit all service interactions

5. Monitoring

- Collect comprehensive metrics - Implement distributed tracing - Set up proper alerting - Monitor service dependencies

Microservices architecture with TuskLang and Rust provides a powerful foundation for building scalable, maintainable, and performant distributed systems that can evolve and scale with your business needs.